Disorder and Symptoms Anorexia Nervosa - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1204 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Anorexia Nervosa Essay Did you like this example? Psychological Disorder and Symptoms: Anorexia Nervosa is a disorder classified by extreme weight loss that is not appropriate for the adolescents or adults age. Individuals with this disorder typically display an intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat (American Psychiatric Association). Individuals not only fear weight gain when being at target level BMI but also when skinny. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Disorder and Symptoms Anorexia Nervosa" essay for you Create order Weight loss can be an achievement for the individual and weight gain can be a failure for the individual. Often times the individual weighs themselves frequently to check weight and focuses on their body in the mirror to see which areas are fat on their body. These individuals realize that they are skinny but dont realize the extremes they are going to, medically in order to have the body they want (American Psychiatric Association).Symptoms that people generally have with Anorexia Nervosa are; decreased number of calories they should be taking in and reduction of food that they would usually eat. Some more severe symptoms are excessive exercising, purging either by vomiting or with laxative or binge eating. Not only are there physical symptoms that these individuals go through but there are mental ones too. These individuals are in denial of their weight loss and hardly ever complain about it. Problems with weight loss normally come up by the family when they realize how malnourishe d the family member is. An individual with this disorder relies heavily on self-esteem based off of what their distorted body shape looks like and the weight they have lost (American Psychiatric Association). Individuals that have severe symptoms often have bouts of depressive moods, isolate themselves socially and can become irritable. An individual with severe symptoms can also be concerned with eating in public, controlling their environment, and might look emotionally drained. Individuals might also turn to abusing drugs, medications, or alcohol in order to achieve weight loss target. Gender-Related Information: Specifically, what gender this disorder mostly occurs in which is more than 90% are white females and 25% are white males (Wing). The age of onset in individuals with this disorder is prior to 25 and symptoms are generally manifested by 25 to 30 years of age. However, this disorder is rising in young adolescents between the ages of 16-17 so precise statistics are hard to distinguish (Bemis).Etiology of this disorder comes from multiple aspects of the individuals life. There are several different factors that can impact this disorder. According to Kelly Bemis, there have been many clinical reports that have stated that anorexic behavior is first manifested in response to new situations for which existing skills seem inadequate; for example, entering college, marriage, or puberty itself.However, there are also four factors that impact the manifestation of symptoms as well. The first one is the biological dimension which involves being overweight, hormonal differences with puberty and n eurological factors. The second one is the psychological dimension which involves individuals being dissatisfied with their body image or having low self-esteem, lack of control, physical or sexual abuse as a child. The third one is the social dimension which impacts the individuals attitude based off of parents comments or interactions with their childs weight gain or with mothers who are concerned with their childs weight gain. Also, it could stem from being bullied when they were a child due to how much they weighed or they could experience peer pressure of other individuals who are watching their weight or taking laxatives to get rid of their food to have the perfect body. The last impact is the sociocultural dimension which involves social comparison with other people, comparison with females or males on the television and cultural definition of beauty (Wing). Treatment and Interventions: Anorexia Nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates of any mental disorder, and data suggests that early improvement- both early treatment response as well as the recovery within a window of several years- are crucial prognostic indicators according to Heather Thompson-Brenner.Family therapy is just one of the therapies that can be used in treatment for Anorexia. Family therapists core focus is to involve the family and help them to understand that this is not just a problem but a disease for the individual. During this period the therapist helps the individual and the family to understand and work together to help the individual be a healthier person again. Some of the steps include creating a meal plan, helping the child succeed in eating by sitting there until their plate is finished, and not criticizing the child for their eating habits anymore. This therapy has been incredibly successful according to the study done by Leanna Isserlin and Jennifer Couturier.In this study, the therapist is centered completely on therapeutic alliance with the client and his or her family during the treatment. Treatment consists of the family members, the therapist, and the client to a line with each other in order to help the client feel safe and secure in their home environment. The alliance was measured by using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances Scale. The results were that clients that gained 85% of their ideal body weight at the end of the treatment had parents who showed a stronger therapeutic alliance with the therapist and adolescent during the treatment time. Overall, family-based treatment is best when the family member, client, and therapist all strive for a common goal which is to help the client be happy and healthy again (Isserlin). Additional Research: If I had more time to research this topic I would dive deeper into the psychodynamics of women and mens brains when having this disorder. I think it would be interesting to understand the differences between what a woman thinks with disease and what a man think with this disease. Women nowadays are so focused on the perfect body or trying to mirror their body off of a character on a tv show or a celebrity in a magazine. It just interests me what men think; do they compare themselves to other men around them or do they focus on only their body. Obviously, men are either good at hiding eating disorders or they just dont have enough records to prove that men are highly susceptible to Anorexia as well. I find it fascinating that the numbers of male and female differ so drastically when dealing with eating disorders. All in all, I would want to delve into the aspects that a man goes through with anorexia to help me understand how men differ from women with anorexia. Summary: Anorexia Nervosa is a disorder that is classified by extreme weight loss that an individual is doing to themselves. Symptoms can vary between subtypes but they all focus on food whether the individual is forcing the food out of there body or starving themselves from the food. Etiology of Anorexia revolves around four main aspects that all involve either how the person sees themselves in society or how society sees them. Treatment for Anorexia is best through therapy whether its psychotherapy, individual therapy, or family-based therapy. They all provide an environment for the individual to understand that they have a problem. Overall, Anorexia is a serious disorder that should be treated promptly to help the individual be happy and healthy.

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( Niddm ) - 1502 Words

Since Type I is insulin dependent, the treatment for this specific type is insulin injections when the blood sugar levels in the blood have risen higher than normal. Insulin cannot be taken orally due to the fact that it will be destroyed by the digestive enzymes. Injections through the skin with a syringe or the use of an infusion pump have been shown to be the most effective in administering insulin into the body. The treatment plan for type I will be insulin, along with a healthy diet and exercise to prevent further complications from arising. Type II is similar to Type I but this particular branch is known as a Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), meaning that the production of insulin is not the problem. Patients with type II have an insulin resistance condition, which means that their body has become resistant to the insulin hormone and therefore, the cells in the body do not react to it. When resistance to insulin takes place, the pancreas makes an effort to produce as much insulin as it can, in order to attempt to stimulate the body’s cells, until it can no longer produce sufficient amounts. Once the insulin production has worn out, blood sugar levels in the bloodstream rise and diabetes type II manifests. Insulin levels in the body may be normal but because of the resistance, there is a decrease in sensitivity to liver and muscle cells, and because the insulin cannot penetrate such muscles, it becomes ineffective. Unlike type I, type II can beShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus As A Chronic Metabolic Disorder Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesChapter - 23 Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that prevents the body to utilise glucose completely or partially. It is characterised by raised glucose concentration in the blood and alterations in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. This can be due to failure in the formation of insulin or liberation or action. Since insulin is produced by the p cells of the islets of Langerhans, any receding in the number of functioning cells will decrease the amount of insulin that canRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1447 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. â€Å"In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths†(Lewis 1367).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common† (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, andRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Is One Of The Most Prevalent Diseases Affecting The Endocrine System1636 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting the endocrine system. The incidence of DM in the United States has reached over 29 million citizens (Diabetes Latest, 2014). Of the 29 million, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) estimate that 1 in 4 are unaware of their condition. DM can be categorized into three different diseases: Type One, Type Two, and Gestational. Types one and two are diagnosed anytime throughout a patient’s life; gestational is DM thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1390 Wo rds   |  6 PagesFTVN036 Diabetes Mellitus Ms. Evelyn Sadsad August 21, 2015 As America’s 7th leading cause of death, Diabetes is steadily rising as a consequential result to the contagious sedentary lifestyle involving a very poor diet lacking in nutritional value and an increase in sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Many contributing risk factors are prevalent and attribute to the expanding number of the population who acquire diabetes. Signs and symptoms of Type I and Type II diabetes canRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Is Not A Single Disease1047 Words   |  5 Pagesto inform you, but yes, you do have Diabetes Type 2.† In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes. Of the 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). According to, well known, diabetes researcher McCance Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterizedRead MoreEssay on Diabetes898 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is locatedRead MoreInformative Essay on Diabetes1506 Words   |  7 PagesInformative Essay On Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretionRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Most Common Disorder Of The Endocrine System957 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus stems from the Greek word diabetes, which means to siphon, or to pass through. Mellitus is Latin for sweet or honeyed. Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder of the Endocrine System. The pancreas is an organ behind the stomach that produces a hormone called insulin. When this happens, our liver compensates by increasing glucose production from amino acids and glycogen causing hyperglycemia. There are different types of diabetes; however, this paper strictly focuses on TypeRead MoreType Ii Diabetes Mellitus Among African Americans Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus among African Americans Type II Diabetes Mellitus is an adult-onset diabetes that affects 90% of the diabetes patients. It is when the body does not recognize the insulin being produced by the pancreas, or not enough is produced. Insulin is a hormone that causes different cells to take up glucose for energy. Resistance to insulin causes the build up of glucose in the blood, which causes improper functions of cells and blood circulation, damage to nerves and bloodRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus1804 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorder is Diabetes Mellitus. Most people just know it as diabetes. There are two major classifications of diabetes mellitus; insulin-dependent (IDDM) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM). IDDM is more commonly known as Type 1 Diabetes, and NIDDM is known as Type 2 Diabetes (EkoeÃŒ , 2008). Type 1 diabetes is the juvenile-onset diabetes that deals with the complete destruction of ÃŽ ²-cells of the pancreas whereas type 2 diabetes is an adult-onset disorder in which individuals suffer from a n insulin deficiency

Tobacco Control Policy - 910 Words

In the UK, smoking persists as the leading cause of avoidable death and disability and a key modifiable risk factor for the development of a range of diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive airways disease and some cancers (WHO, 2008; Murray et al., 2013). However, despite a reported decline in smoking prevalence in the UK (ONS, 2016), levels of smoking in prisoner groups are two to three times greater than in the general population and have remained intractably high (Singleton et al., 1999; Lester et al., 2003; Papadodima at al., 2009). As a consequence, prison populations experience far worse health outcomes than in the general population (Biswanger et al., 2014) and subsequently tobacco control policy in prisons†¦show more content†¦This study aims to facilitate a greater understanding of the deeper meanings of smoking in the context of a prison environment by examining both prisoners’ and prison staff’s experience of smoking in a pris on setting and, in the context of these experiences, exploring the perceptions of the impact of a total smoking ban. The setting for this study is HMP Belmarsh, a high secure prison in the Borough of Greenwich, South East London. The study will add to the relatively scarce prison-based, tobacco related evidence and provide valuable insight relevant to the roll out of national smoke-free policy. 2 Background 2.1 Smoking prevalence, its burden and links to health inequalities Smoking prevalence has declined in the UK population from 27% in 2000 to 16.9% in 2015 (ONS, 2016), however, these reductions have not been mirrored in all parts of society. Smoking prevalence in prisons has remained intractably high (60-80%) and is two to three times greater than in the general population (Singleton et al., 1999; Lester et al., 2003; Papadodima at al., 2009). The harmful effects of tobacco, including second-hand smoke, are widely reported (WHO, 2008; US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006; SCOTH, 2004) and are the leading cause of preventable deaths in the UK (Murray et al., 2013). In 2014, there were an estimated 78,000 deaths and 475,000 hospital admissions attributable toShow MoreRelatedDeveloping A Critical Evaluation Of Tobacco Control Policy2191 Words   |  9 Pagesevaluation of tobacco control policy in Australia. It will review and describe some of the various governmental policies on tobacco, and discuss evidence that shows the impact of these policies. 1.2 Methodology Desk research was conducted by accessing relevant governmental and Commonwealth websites for legislative requirements. Information about public and private external organisations was gathered by internet research, not using specific data bank. 2.0 Tobacco control policies in Australia Tobacco smokingRead MoreThe Myths And Beliefs Of Marijuana Essay1819 Words   |  8 Pages( and any other illegal drugs) is that it would neglect the opportunity for children in the US to grow up drug free because availability, leading to an insufficient society. The article â€Å"Marijuana use is safer than Alcohol use†, by the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) argues that research indicates the relative harm of alcohol consumption in comparison to marijuana use is innumerable.The MPP is an organization that aims to change laws to eliminate the prohibition of medical and nonmedical use of marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2786 Words   |  12 Pagesdecriminalized the government would then have a say on how to regulate and tax it, giving the government and the people of the United States both what they want. It would give the government control and many American’s the opportunity to pursue their happiness. Aside from the win-win situation of having mere control of what Americans do, the United States would also have $42 billion dollars they can intelligently invest wherever it is needed. Many people have suggested what the government could do withRead MoreThe Costs of Marijuana Prohibition Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pagesproved futile. The current marijuana policy is unjust, causing a wide array of gratuitous atrocities. A new, revised, and just marijuana policy must be established: the free use of marijuana by the American public must be legalized by the U.S. government and condoned by law officials and citizens alike. Throughout this argument for marijuana legalization, the notion of justice will be repeatedly called upon, and the justice of the current system and policy will be analyzed and disputed. In orderRead MoreIncrease Taxation Of Tobacco Products On South Korea And Reduce The Levels Of Noncommunicable Diseases1733 Words   |  7 PagesAmy Tseng G H 511: Problems in Global Health Critical Analysis Paper December 2, 2014 Word Count: 1,536 Increase taxation of tobacco products in South Korea to reduce the levels of noncommunicable diseases Introduction and Background One of the major global public health challenges of the 21st century is noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Current global mortality from NCDs remains exceedingly high and continues to increase. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 2014 estimates, 38 millionRead MoreA Tobacco Free School Environment Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Policy Tobacco is one of the single most preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. It kills around 6 million people each year, and of that number more than 600,000 deaths are a result of secondhand smoke (World Health Organization, 2016). Even though the rates among youth smoking cigarettes have declined since 2011, more middle schoolers and high schoolers are using tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco. According to the CDCRead MoreThe Effects Of Tobacco Smoking On The Australian Community753 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction In Australia, tobacco smoking is one of the main leading causes of death and disability.1 Smoking is also one of the single major preventable conditions and is the main causes of disease burden in comparison to other major risk factors.1,2 Use of tobacco voluntarily or involuntary (passive smoking) has been associated with various chronic, life threatening and debilitating conditions such as heart disease, reduced lung function, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRead More Tobacco Advertisements1733 Words   |  7 PagesTobacco advertisements have been a sensitive subject in America especially among parents who do not want their children to become smokers. I know from personal experience that tobacco is extremely toxic and can do major bodily harm. My grandfather was a chain smoker for over twenty years. He started smoking in his late teens and he died from lung problems that were caused by his addiction to cigarette smoking. My father is also a chain smoker and h e started smoking when he was sixteen. He isRead MoreEffects Of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Smokers1264 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluation from the assessment to see what tools can be used in public policy planning. Many people know that the use of tobacco is detrimental to anyone’s health. But it is sad to say, even with all the facts, stats, and information on how harmful tobacco use is, many people continue to use forms of tobacco. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and illness in the United States. The use of tobacco has resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths each year and not to mentionRead MoreIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, five million tobacco users die annually and estimates that one million Indians die each year prematurely from tobacco use (2015). As late at 2009, India was â€Å"the world’s second-largest consumer and third-largest producer of tobacco† (Economist, 2009, p. 5). In an attempt to reduce consumption, India introduced its first adverting ban on tobacco in 1990, followed in 2003 by the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products

Need of Enterprise Resource Planning Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Need of Enterprise Resource Planning. Answer: Introduction Computerized packages and automated information systems are being used and implemented at a large scale. These software packages are being utilized in every business sector and business operation with accounts department being one of the prime applicants of the same. The demand in the current times is to have an integrated package that may provide an answer to all the business operations and activities. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is one such package that allows the business units to carry out all of the business operations. SAP ERP is a package that was developed by a German company called SAP SE. It is software that comprises of the key features of an organization. The document covers the advantages of ERP software to the organizations, trends in the area of ERP along with the case studies describing the success and failure of ERP implementation. Need of ERP for Companies Many of the medium to large scale companies are making use of ERP packages in their business organizations. There are various reasons and advantages that are associated with it. There is a lot of competition in the market in every industry that has been set up. The business units that have implemented ERP packages and are successfully using these packages have a competitive edge over the others. The manual set of operations and activities involved in the business organizations are replaced with their respective automated counterparts. This leads to the enhancement of efficiency and adds to the overall productivity of the employees working in the organization leading to better organizational performance (Ovidiu, 2010). There are various estimations and predictions that the management executives need to carry out in a business environment. ERP packages include the information sets that are accurate and processed correctly. This leads to the ability to make predictions easily and also leads to better forecasting results (Panoramaconsulting, 2016). Collaboration and integration are two of the parameters that act as significant factors in the success of the medium and large scale business organizations. ERP packages allow enhanced collaboration and integration of the business activities and operations within the organization and in association with the external operations as well. There may be many changes that may be required in the business activities that are carried out in an organization. These changes may be in association with the addition of a new user, removal of a user, implementation of a new functionality, changes in the already implemented functionality and likewise. These changes can be easily done with the aid of the ERP systems and packages. The data and information that is associated with an organization is integrated accurately with the aid of ERP packages. These data and information sets can be combined with each other that lead to easier storage, processing and management. Also, there may be data sets associated with other systems and modules as well which can be managed in an integrated manner with the aid of ERP systems. There are various costs and expenses that are associated with the organizations. With the implementation of the ERP packages, many different costs such as administrative and operational costs can be eliminated. The return on investment (ROI) that is earned can also be enhanced through ERP. The business processes that are carried out in an organization are streamlined with the aid of ERP systems and packages. Real time information becomes available to the operational staff that leads to better accuracy and reduced complexity. The complex processes can be easily navigated leading to an overall smoother and streamlined process. Access to the centralized database from any of the remote locations becomes possible with the implementation of ERP. Remote management of the databases also becomes easier and possible. There are various reports that get generated with the aid of ERP packages and systems. These reports can be extracted on a daily, weekly or monthly basis as per the requirement and a clear picture of the business operations and activities that are being carried out in the organization can be obtained. There are many of the redundant processes and operations that are carried out in the organizations. These processes are eliminated after the implementation of the ERP packages leading to improved productivity (panorama-consulting, 2015). Medium and large scale companies involve many different components which enhances the number of regulations that need to be followed and adhered to. With the implementation of ERP systems, regulatory and legal compliance is maintained and becomes easier to follow. The ERP systems are also flexible and adaptable in nature which make sure that the changes and modifications in the technology do not have an impact on the business continuity. The primary motive of every business setup is to fulfill the needs and requirements of the customers. With the implementation of the ERP systems and packages, the customer relationship and the level of interaction with the customers becomes easier. There can be real time information provided to the customers along with the faster delivery of the products and services. The feedback process can also be executed with much ease. There are many occurrences of security risks and attacks that are witnessed with the involvement of the automated systems and processes. However, with the implementation of an adequate ERP package, such security risks and attacks can be avoided. There are many ERP packages that come equipped with advanced security controls and applications. These controls make sure that the occurrence of any of the security attacks is avoided and prohibited (Sadrzadehrafiei, 2013). There are various industries that require the use and implementation of the ERP packages in the current times. The need and requirement of one industry differs from the other. The large industries that involve many different operations and components must make use of ERP packages to simplify and streamline their business operations and activities. Some of these industries include large scale investment banks, healthcare organizations, finance firms, real estate units etc. There are also various processes and sub-processes that are carried out in the manufacturing and construction business units which enhances their need for the implementation of ERP packages. Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Modifications in ERP Software Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was passed by United States Government in the year 2002. The act was passed to put a check and control on the fraudulent and malevolent activities carried out by the corporations in the area of accounting. There were strict reforms that were brought out in the area of financial disclosures and accounting activities after this act. SOX had a lot of impact on the ERP packages that led to a series of modifications and enhancement. Some of these impacts and modifications are as discussed below. Compliance and regulation is association with the ERP packages started to be done in the business blueprint phase itself. It is the phase in which the roles and responsibilities, authorization and other duties are defined. After the SOX act, it was required to analyze and present all of these decisions in the initial phase only. This led to the increased regulation and compliance levels. The release of SOX act enhanced the security associated with the ERP packages. It was now required to maintain security right from the design phase so that the secure and authorized functionalities were present in the package. The authorization and access control of the users and the members was made mandatory to be applied (Kimberling, 2012). The organizations were informed about the fiscal limits, constraints and regulations which enhanced the fiscal transparency between the organization and the government. The same rules were required to be integrated and implemented in the ERP packages as well. Auditing was made mandatory during the implementation of the ERP packages in all the phases. The internal and external auditors carried out the auditing processes and mechanisms so as to make sure that the auditing process was done correctly and accurately. Definition of the tolerance levels on the basis of the industry type, industry size and similar factors was done (Brown, 2005). The reporting and inquiry structure was also improved with the release of the SOX act. The industries were now required to send the compliance reports to the legal authorities and the same was to be implemented in the ERP package as well. SAP ERP Success Story ERP implementation has been successful in various organizations and business units. There are various success stories that are defined and are available in this area. One of such success story of SAP ERP implementation is of Cadbury. It is a confectionery brand that is based out of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Cadbury was under the phase of its vertical growth and there were many operational and administrative issues that were being witnessed by the management and leadership of the organization. This led to the production and distribution issues impacting the brand image and reputation in an adverse way. In order to overcome these issues, the management decided to come up with SAP ERP implementation in the organization. There were various sub-systems that were identified that were required to be included in the SAP ERP implementation for Cadbury. These primary sub-systems included warehouse management system, planning and human resource management system, supply chain and inventory management system and many more. The SAP ERP package brought in many advantages for the organization as it led to the enhancement of the productivity and processing speed lead to better production and distribution. There were many enhancements done in the warehouse management and the operations executed at the branch office also improved. There was considerable time that was spent in the initial implementation phase that led to decreased time in the successive implementation. There were many different reasons that were involved with the successful implementation of SAP ERP at Cadbury. The estimations and planning that was involved in the implementation of SAP ERP at Cadbury was adequate and as per the requirements and specifications. The ERP vendor selection process that was adapted was apt and the final choice of the vendor was as per the requirements and needs of Cadbury. A separate portal called vendor connect was developed in order to maintain the required level of interaction with the vendor (Singh, 2017). The process of implementation that was adapted by Cadbury was cross-functional in nature. It led to the ability to experience higher levels of efficiency and productivity by the members of the staff. The management made sure that the monitoring and control processes that were being used and applied in the implementation of the SAP ERP system at Cadbury were extensive. The regular monitoring and auditing was carried out by the senior management with an active reporting channel as well. The primary reasons of the successful implementation of SAP ERP at Cadbury were the adequate planning, estimation and monitoring processes that were involved. The management and resources that were assigned for the accomplishment of the objectives were also selected correctly so as to make sure that the goals and aims of the implementation were met and the overall process was smooth and successful. SAP ERP Failure Story SAP ERP has been successful for many organizations which have led to several benefits and advantages for the organizations. However, there have been many cases that have taken place in the past which were not successful and the organization had to experience many negative outcomes as well. One such example of a failed SAP ERP implementation is of Hersheys. It is an American company that is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of chocolate. The company decided to upgrade its legacy systems as per the latest technology and decided to go ahead with the ERP implementation by making use of SAPs R/3 ERP software. The implementation time that was estimated and demanded for the project was 48 months. However, Hersheys demanded an overall time period of 30 months for all the activities for quick release. To meet these demands, some of the necessary testing processes were eliminated that led to the inability to process $100 million worth of Kiss and Jolly Rancher order in spite of the availability of the products in the stock. The primary reasons of the failure of the implementation at Hersheys are as listed below. Testing activities are extremely necessary to be executed so that the defects, bugs and deviations can be highlighted and resolved before the final release. However, in case of SAP ERP implementation at Hersheys, some of the critical testing processes were not carried out. This led to the presence of some major and critical defects which could not be resolved after the release (Gross, 2011). There were incorrect decisions that were taken by the management in the project. The implementation approach that was selected was the Big Bang implementation that led to the presence of many risks and problem areas. These risks led to the project failure as there were too many changes that were introduced at the same time which could not be handled and managed. There was a critical scheduling mistake that was observed in this case. The schedule that was stated and specified by the vendors was 48 months which was cut short to 30 months by the management units at Hersheys. This led to a critical scheduling error that disturbed the overall project activities. The reasons of failure of the SAP ERP implementation process at Hersheys could not be successful due to incorrect and inadequate planning along with poor management decisions. There were scheduling errors, missing testing processes along with the incorrect selection of the implementation approach that were involved. The difference between the success at Cadbury and failure at Hersheys can be understood by analyzing the reasons associated with each project. The projects need to be carried out in specific phases and there shall be equal importance given to each of these phases. There shall be adequate planning, management, monitoring and control along with proper testing practices carried out. Conclusion Automated accounting systems refer to the packages that carry out automated accounting operations and activities in an organization. There are various automated systems and packages that are being implemented by the organizations all across the globe. Instead of standalone applications, the organizations are now making use of integrated packages and software in the companies. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages make it possible for the organizations to carry out integrated activities and business operations. SAP ERP is one of the most popular and widely used software for this purpose. There are several advantages that are offered to the organizations after the successful ERP implementation in terms of increased productivity and ROI, streamlining of operations, reduced errors, increased collaboration and many more. There are various legal policies and regulations that the ERP systems and the organizations must abide by. There have been many successful and failure stories of ER P implementation that are present. The difference between the success and a failure story is mainly associated with the accuracy and correctness of the phases and activities involved in the project. The phases, such as, planning, testing, control and monitoring shall be executed correctly without missing out on any of the functionality. References Brown, W. (2005). What ERP systems can tell us about Sarbanes-Oxley. [online] Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.512.1177rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Gross, J. (2011). A Case Study on Hershey's ERP Implementation Failure Driving successful enterprise software projects. [online] Pemeco.com. Available at: https://www.pemeco.com/a-case-study-on-hersheys-erp-implementation-failure-the-importance-of-testing-and-scheduling/ [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Kimberling, E. (2012). What You Should Know About ERP Systems and SOX Compliance. [online] Panorama Consulting Solutions. Available at: https://www.panorama-consulting.com/what-you-should-know-about-erp-systems-and-sox-compliance/ [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Ovidiu, S. (2010). The Advantages and Risks of Using ERP System in the Context Globalization. [online] Available at: https://modtech.ro/international-journal/vol2no22010/Ovidiu_Sava.pdf [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Panoramaconsulting (2016). 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